# Math functions

Source: https://www.hotdata.dev/docs/sql-functions-math
Site index: https://www.hotdata.dev/llms.txt

Reference for math functions in [HotSQL](/docs/sql). Names, signatures, and examples match the engine exactly.

### abs

Returns the absolute value of a number.

```
abs(numeric_expression)
```

**Arguments**

- `numeric_expression`: Numeric expression.

```sql
> SELECT abs(-5);
+----------+
| abs(-5)  |
+----------+
| 5        |
+----------+
```

### ceil

Returns the nearest integer greater than or equal to a number.

```
ceil(numeric_expression)
```

**Arguments**

- `numeric_expression`: Numeric expression.

```sql
> SELECT ceil(3.14);
+------------+
| ceil(3.14) |
+------------+
| 4.0        |
+------------+
```

### cot

Returns the cotangent of a number.

```
cot(numeric_expression)
```

**Arguments**

- `numeric_expression`: Numeric expression.

```sql
> SELECT cot(1);
+---------+
| cot(1)  |
+---------+
| 0.64209 |
+---------+
```

### factorial

Factorial of a non-negative integer. Errors if the argument is negative or the result overflows.

```
factorial(numeric_expression)
```

**Arguments**

- `numeric_expression`: Numeric expression.

```sql
> SELECT factorial(5);
+---------------+
| factorial(5)  |
+---------------+
| 120           |
+---------------+
```

### floor

Returns the nearest integer less than or equal to a number.

```
floor(numeric_expression)
```

**Arguments**

- `numeric_expression`: Numeric expression.

```sql
> SELECT floor(3.14);
+-------------+
| floor(3.14) |
+-------------+
| 3.0         |
+-------------+
```

### gcd

Returns the greatest common divisor of `expression_x` and `expression_y`. Returns 0 if both inputs are zero.

```
gcd(expression_x, expression_y)
```

**Arguments**

- `expression_x`: First numeric expression.
- `expression_y`: Second numeric expression.

```sql
> SELECT gcd(48, 18);
+------------+
| gcd(48,18) |
+------------+
| 6          |
+------------+
```

### isnan

Returns true if a given number is +NaN or -NaN otherwise returns false.

```
isnan(numeric_expression)
```

**Arguments**

- `numeric_expression`: Numeric expression.

```sql
> SELECT isnan(1);
+----------+
| isnan(1) |
+----------+
| false    |
+----------+
```

### iszero

Returns true if a given number is +0.0 or -0.0 otherwise returns false.

```
iszero(numeric_expression)
```

**Arguments**

- `numeric_expression`: Numeric expression.

```sql
> SELECT iszero(0);
+------------+
| iszero(0)  |
+------------+
| true       |
+------------+
```

### lcm

Returns the least common multiple of `expression_x` and `expression_y`. Returns 0 if either input is zero.

```
lcm(expression_x, expression_y)
```

**Arguments**

- `expression_x`: First numeric expression.
- `expression_y`: Second numeric expression.

```sql
> SELECT lcm(4, 5);
+----------+
| lcm(4,5) |
+----------+
| 20       |
+----------+
```

### log

Returns the base-x logarithm of a number. Can either provide a specified base, or if omitted then takes the base-10 of a number.

```
log(base, numeric_expression)
log(numeric_expression)
```

**Arguments**

- `base`: Base numeric expression.
- `numeric_expression`: Numeric expression.

```sql
> SELECT log(10);
+---------+
| log(10) |
+---------+
| 1.0     |
+---------+
```

### nanvl

Returns the first argument if it's not _NaN_.
Returns the second argument otherwise.

```
nanvl(expression_x, expression_y)
```

**Arguments**

- `expression_x`: Numeric expression to return if it's not _NaN_. Can be a constant, column, or function, and any combination of arithmetic operators.
- `expression_y`: Numeric expression to return if the first expression is _NaN_. Can be a constant, column, or function, and any combination of arithmetic operators.

```sql
> SELECT nanvl(0, 5);
+------------+
| nanvl(0,5) |
+------------+
| 0          |
+------------+
```

### pi

Returns an approximate value of π.

```
pi()
```

### power

Returns a base expression raised to the power of an exponent.

```
power(base, exponent)
```

**Arguments**

- `base`: Numeric expression.
- `exponent`: Exponent numeric expression.

```sql
> SELECT power(2, 3);
+-------------+
| power(2,3)  |
+-------------+
| 8           |
+-------------+
```

### random

Returns a random float value in the range [0, 1).
The random seed is unique to each row.

```
random()
```

```sql
> SELECT random();
+------------------+
| random()         |
+------------------+
| 0.7389238902938  |
+------------------+
```

### round

Rounds a number to the nearest integer.

```
round(numeric_expression[, decimal_places])
```

**Arguments**

- `numeric_expression`: Numeric expression.
- `decimal_places`: Optional. The number of decimal places to round to. Defaults to 0.

```sql
> SELECT round(3.14159);
+--------------+
| round(3.14159)|
+--------------+
| 3.0          |
+--------------+
```

### signum

Returns the sign of a number.
Negative numbers return `-1`.
Zero and positive numbers return `1`.

```
signum(numeric_expression)
```

**Arguments**

- `numeric_expression`: Numeric expression.

```sql
> SELECT signum(-42);
+-------------+
| signum(-42) |
+-------------+
| -1          |
+-------------+
```

### trunc

Truncates a number to a whole number or truncated to the specified decimal places.

```
trunc(numeric_expression[, decimal_places])
```

**Arguments**

- `numeric_expression`: Numeric expression.
- `decimal_places`: Optional. The number of decimal places to
  truncate to. Defaults to 0 (truncate to a whole number). If
  `decimal_places` is a positive integer, truncates digits to the
  right of the decimal point. If `decimal_places` is a negative
  integer, replaces digits to the left of the decimal point with `0`.

```sql
  > SELECT trunc(42.738);
  +----------------+
  | trunc(42.738)  |
  +----------------+
  | 42             |
  +----------------+
  ```